This post presents page 16 of The History of the Myanmar Labour Movement by Thakin Lwin (Bagan Books, 1968).
Vocabulary:
သက်သေခံ ။ to bear witness in court
အနွယ် ။ lineage
လွှမ်းမိုး ။ influence; overwhelm; overshade; overshadow; supercede, surpass
တန်ဆာပလာ ။ tool, implement, instrument
ပန်းပဲ ။ the craft of blacksmithing
ပန်းရန် ။ masonry
ပန်းတဉ်း ။ art of making items cast or wrought from bronze, copper or brass
ပန်းပု ။ wood carving
ပန်းချီ ။ painting
သွန်း ။ to cast (metal)
ဓမ္မသတ် ။ Code of Laws
အဆောင်အယောင် ။ insignia of office
ထွန်းကား ။ to be prominent
အသွင် ။ form appearance
သယ်ယူ ။ to carry, transport
အနေအထား ။ situation; position; location; condition; posture
အရင်းရှင် ။ capitalist
စပ်ကြား ။ intervening space or time (between two persons, things, events, etc)
ကုန်သွယ် ။ trade
Translation:
Year | Social system | Evidence |
from 800 AD | These times were the barbaric epoch. After that, with the introduction of the feudal system small statelets were established. | During the period when small statelets were established there were statelets such as the Thaton State of the Mon, Palaung and Wa lineages together, and the Thayay-khittaya of the Pyus. Ancient artifacts have been discovered that can serve as historical evidence to show that this was the case. |
from 845 to 1800 | Starting from the establishment of the State of Bagan until the Konbaung era the ancient feudal system was pervasive. | Agriculture implements, hand tools, advanced construction skills, the craft of blacksmithing, masonry, metal casting, wood carving, painting, animal husbandry, literary culture, law and such ancient feudal titles and feudal production systems were prominent. |
from 1800 to 1885 AD | From the start of the Konbaung era until the end (Thibaw) a new era of feudalism (agricultural land) was prominent. | During this period tools for human use progressively advanced and transformed into new forms. The forms of production, trade, transportation, contact with foreign countries and literary culture were all transformed during the interval between feudalism and capitalism. |
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