History of Myanmar's labour movement (p18/505)

This post presents page 18 of The History of the Myanmar Labour Movement by Thakin Lwin (Bagan Books, 1968).

Vocabulary:

ကျောက်ကာ ။
ဒေါင်းလန်း ။ big circular tray on a stand used for serving meals
ဗျတ် ။ copper spoon
ဖလား ။ bowl, cup
ကွမ်းအစ် ။ betel box
ကွမ်းညှပ် ။ tool for cutting areca nut into chewable chips
ကတ်ကြေး ။ scissors
ကြေးစည် ။ triangular brass gong
တံစဉ် ။ sickle
ပေါက်တူး ။ mattock
ပေါက်ဆိန် ။
တူးရွင်း ။ grubbing hoe; grub hoe; crowbar-like tool for digging
ထွန်သွား ။ tooth of a harrow
ထယ်သွား ။ ploughshare
စူး ။ pointed instrument for piercing and making holes (such as awl, bradawl, brace, etc)
ဆောက် ။ chisel
တောင်း ။ basket
တင်း ။ unit of measure for grain (basket)
စကော ။ round bamboo tray
သင်ဖြူး ။ a finely textured reed mat
တန်ဆာပလာ ။ tool, implement
အခစား ။ paid worker
ပုထိုး ။ stupa
တန်ဆောင်း ။
ဗိမာန် ။ edifice; stately building; celestial abode
စရပ် ။
အဆန်းတကြယ် ။ strange, astounding, astoundingly
တီထွင် ။ to invent
ပါရဂူ ။ specialist, doctor of philosophy
ချီးမြှင့် ။ to award somebody
အခိုင်အခံ့ ။ firmly
ပန်းရန် ။ masonry
ကံကျွေးချစနစ် ။ feudalism
ဖလှယ် ။ exchange, barter
ကုန်သွယ်ရေး ။ trade, commerce
ကျယ်ဝန်း ။ wide
လိုက်လျော ။ accede to someone's request, wish, etc; comply with; go along with
တိုးချဲ့ ။ to enlarge, expand

Translation:

[There were] workers who produced implements and items for human use such as stone blockers, trays, copper spoons, copper bowl, betel boxes, betel cutter, scissors, triangular brass gongs, sickles, mattocks, hoes, harrow teeth, ploughshares, awls, chisels, "shark" saws, hammers, baskets, bamboo trays and finely textured reed mats; people who made their livelihoods with transportation vehicles like boats and carts; domestic work; wage work in the home; and since it was a time when factory work had not yet emerged there were people who produced by hand the things that people needed to use. Prior to the era of the use of copper money, the form of wage payment was in-kind.

Starting from about 1000 [CE] as architecture and irrigation skills became prominent in the Pagan period, in Myittha, Leydwin, Minbu, Shwebo, Sagain district and such areas, with the connection of Samon River, Banlaw River, Zawgyi River, and the Dutawadi Rivers and the digging of dykes, there were agricultural workers and architects who built principle buildings such as pagodas, monasteries, edifices, palaces and royal houses. For example, in the Bagan era architects were awarded with special titles and honours for being specialists who made astounding inventions, such as with the "Sidrapisee Award". Hundreds of year later, Bagan, which is still standing firm today, gives evidence of, and allows us to know about, pagodas, handwork, architecture, masonry, and fine arts. During the transformation from feudalism to capitalism, together with the advancement of the production of commodities for human use, and the advancement from bartering to the level of commercial trade, commodity implements also advanced and transformed. The scale of commodity production increased and successively advanced from domestic trade to foreign trade. As a consequence, the social system successively developed.

Starting from about 1529, the initial foundation for the opening of commercial contact between Myanmar and Europe was laid. After that...