notes and study aids on Myanmar language

Friday 17 September 2010

The Karen-Burman riots of WWII (5)



This post continues with the translation of chapter 5 of the text ပြည်တွင်းသောင်းကျန်းမှုသမိုင်း (အပိုင်း-၁) (The History of Revolt within the Country - Volume 1), published by the Myanmar Ministry of Information in 1990. The chapter runs 8 pages from page 21 to page 28. The translation below covers the fifth page (page 25) of the chapter. The complete chapter is available in PDF form here.


Vocabulary:

ပြေလည် ။ (of problems, difficulties, debts, etc) be resolved, reconciled
မယုံသင်္ကာ ။ doubt; skepticism; suspicion
မျိုးဖြုတ်ပစ် ။ ?
ခံယူ ။ accept; believe; adopt (views, doctrines, titles, etc)
တောင့်တင်း ။ be stout; be well endowed; be well supplied or supported
ကာ ။ to block; obstruct
ရံ ။ to surround; besiege
ကင်း ။ a patrol, guard; outpost
အကူးအသန်း ။ crossover, transit
နယ် ။ part of a state; territory; jurisdiction
ခုခံ ။ to resist; defend; oppose
သဖွယ် ။ particle suffixed to a noun to denote similitude (equivalent in usage to adverbs 'as', 'like')
နယ်လု ။ to fight for jurisdiction over a certain territory
စစ်ကြိုခေတ် ။ the pre-war period
စတန့် ။ stunt
စေ့စပ် ။ to negotiate
အနည်းအကျဉ်း ။ a little, some
စီးနင်း ။ to attack; raid
လက်စားချေ ။ to avenge, take revenge
အမြောက်အမြား ။ many; a lot of

Translation:

Therefore, the Kayin deserters and BIA had a temporary resolution.

However, suspicion gradually increased between the BIA soldiers and the Kayin deserters. And the English people who were together with the Kayin deserters incited [conflict by saying that] the Burmans were going to eradicate [?] the Kayin. And narrow minded BIA leaders and soldiers who were gathered in emergency believed that as the Kayins were British lackeys they would attack. The armed Kayin were well supplied in great force and held heavy weapons. As the BIA were not at ease, they surrounded and blocked off the villages and set up patrols and stayed without crossing over to the Burman villages. And the young BIA leader tried to forcefully confiscate the weapons from the Kayin deserters.

When the Thirty Comrades member Bo La Yaung who had returned from Japan came marching with BIA soldiers in the jurisdiction of Myaung Mya the Kayin deserters fought back and Thakin Than Lay was killed in battle. A battle emerged between the BIA soldiers and the Kayin deserters. The Kayins fought back without submitting their arms to the BIA unit. Those battles gradually transformed into ethnic riots. Mistrust just like enemies emerged with Kayin villages and Burman villages that had previously village-to-village inter-relations

The Kayin deserters gathered the Kayin youth and gave emergency military classes. They became armed. And in the Burman villages with [people] depending on the BIA, people emerged who wanted to fight to wrest control of territory away from the Kayins. The ethnic riots that started from Myang Mya quickly spread to villages and towns like Ma U Bin, Nyaung Dun, Ban Danaw, Zalone and Dana Phyu. The goal of independence disappeared in some Myanmar youth and they joined the BIA with the goal of opposing the Kayin. Ye Gaung Chit Swe [who was] a famous stunt movie actor in the pre-war period organised about 20 youth and joined the BIA unit in Zalone town that was led by Bo Kyin and Bo Hla Myint. After that as they arrived fought at a Karen village named Dait-yah the Kayin resisted and Ye Gaung Chit Swe and about 30 BIA soldiers were killed. Thakins and BIA leaders with broad political vision worked hard to contain the ethnic riot that had spread. Thakins and BIA leaders met and discussed with the Kayin leaders and re-clarified the unity of the indigenous people. Through a negotiated arrangement in which only Kayin administered Kayin villages and weapons would no longer be forcefully confiscated, an understanding was reached. However, only in some places was it successful. As the riots intensified Kayins attacked, contested over and killed entire Myanmar villages. Myanmars took revenge on Kayin villages and burnt them down; killings occurred. Many people on both sides were killed and many houses were burned down.

4 comments:

Anonymous said...

Thanks Stephen,

Out of so many versions this BIA version of Karen-Burmese conflict is definitely closest to what actually happened during the BIA era in 1942.(With a lot of details)

It heavily relied on BIA Bo Thein Swe's book and the Army archives in the Defense Museum. It obviously is different from the version from the books written by Karens like Major General Smith-Dun in his memoirs.

Another version also is in Bo Kyaw Zaw's Autobiography on CPB's website.

I am trying to write the whole story of Karen-Burmese conflicts and also the 1949 battles between Army and Karens as part of My ongoing Burma in Limbo series on New Mandala.

Hla Oo,

Stephen said...

Thanks Hla Oo for pointing out some more sources on these events. I'm very interested in getting a detailed picture of what happened. I'm keen to locate any relevant PDF (or other format) versions of relevant documents. The Bo Kyaw Zaw autobiography is therefore quite helpful. Regards.

Anonymous said...

I am almost finishing my Burma in Limbo part 5 which deals with the beginning of Burmese civil war which was mainly the Karen-Burma conflicts and later the 1949 battles between KNDO and Burmese army.

I grew up in the delta and believe it or not I have many Karen relatives. Two of my first cousins are married to the beautiful Karen ladies and I have many Karen-Burmese nieces and nephews.

Since you are the only Karen expert I know of is it possible to read my essay before I release it? So that if I made some false statements unknowingly you as a third party can point it out.

Regards,

Hla Oo

Stephen said...

Hla Oo, thank you for your offer to read the essay. However, I am not a Karen expert. I do not know much more about these events other than what I have posted here. You might want to check out the Karen History and Cultural Preservation Society which has email contact information available on their website. I hope this helps. In any case, I am sure that your essay will be interesting as always. Best,

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